Nickel based alloys refer to a type of alloy that exhibits high strength and certain oxidation and corrosion resistance at high temperatures ranging from 650 to 1000 ℃. According to their main properties, they are subdivided into nickel based high-temperature alloys, nickel based corrosion-resistant alloys, nickel based wear-resistant alloys, nickel based precision alloys, and nickel based shape memory alloys.
1. Nickel based high-temperature alloy
The main alloying elements include chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, cobalt, aluminum, titanium, boron, zirconium, etc. Among them, chromium plays an antioxidant and anti-corrosion role, while other elements play a strengthening role. It has high strength, oxidation resistance, and gas corrosion resistance at high temperatures ranging from 650 to 1000 ℃, making it the most widely used and high-temperature strength type of high-temperature alloy. Mainly focused on manufacturing high-temperature components for aviation engine blades and rocket engines, nuclear reactors, and energy conversion equipment
2. Nickel based corrosion-resistant alloy
The main alloying elements are copper, chromium, and molybdenum. It has good comprehensive performance and can withstand various acid corrosion and stress corrosion. The earliest application was nickel copper alloy, also known as Monel alloy; In addition, there are nickel chromium alloys, nickel molybdenum alloys, nickel chromium molybdenum alloys, etc. Used for manufacturing various corrosion-resistant components.
3. Nickel based wear-resistant alloy
The main alloying elements are chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, and also contain small amounts of niobium, tantalum, and indium. In addition to its wear resistance, it also has good oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, and welding performance. It can be used to manufacture wear-resistant components or as a coating material, which can be coated on the surface of other substrate materials through surfacing and spraying processes.
4. Nickel based precision alloy
Including nickel based soft magnetic alloys, nickel based precision resistance alloys, and nickel based electric heating alloys. The most commonly used soft magnetic alloy is a permalloy containing about 80% nickel, which has high maximum and initial magnetic permeability, low coercivity, and is an important iron core material in the electronic industry. The main alloying elements of nickel based precision resistance alloys are chromium, aluminum, and copper. This alloy has high resistivity, low resistivity temperature coefficient, and good corrosion resistance, and is used for making resistors. Nickel based electric heating alloy is a nickel alloy containing 20% chromium, which has good oxidation and corrosion resistance, and can be used for a long time at temperatures ranging from 1000 to 1100 ℃.
5. Nickel based shape memory alloy
Nickel alloy containing 50 (at)% titanium. Its return temperature is 70 ℃, and its shape memory effect is good. A small change in the proportion of nickel and titanium components can result in a change in the recovery temperature within the range of 30-100 ℃. It is commonly used for manufacturing automatic opening structural components used in spacecraft, self-excited fasteners used in the aerospace industry, and artificial heart motors used in biomedicine.
Application fields of nickel based alloy steel
The development level of the nickel based alloy industry is steadily increasing, and nickel based alloys with different compositions and properties have been increasingly widely used with industrial development. Their main application areas are:
1. Oceans: Marine structures in the marine environment, desalination, aquaculture, and heat exchange of seawater.
2. Environmental protection field: flue gas desulfurization devices for thermal power generation, wastewater treatment, etc.
3. Energy field: atomic power generation, comprehensive utilization of coal, tidal power generation, etc.
4. Petrochemical industry: refining, chemistry
